Classification of Surgical Equipments

There are several classes of surgical instruments:

• Graspers, such as forceps
• Clamps and occluders for blood vessels and other organs
• Retractors, used to spread open skin, ribs and other tissue
• Distractors, positioners and stereotactic devices
• Mechanical cutters (scalpels, lancets, drill bits, rasps, trocars, Ligasure, etc.)
• Dilators and specula, for access to narrow passages or incisions
• Suction tips and tubes, for removal of bodily fluids
• Sealing devices, such as surgical staplers
• Irrigation and injection needles, tips and tubes, for introducing fluid
• Tyndallers, to help "wedge" open damaged tissues in the brain.
• Powered devices, such as drills, dermatomes
• Scopes and probes, including fiber optic endoscopes and tactile probes
• Carriers and appliers for optical, electronic and mechanical devices
• Ultrasound tissue disruptors, cryotomes and cutting laser guides
• Measurement devices, such as rulers and calipers

An important relative distinction, regarding surgical instruments, is the amount of bodily disruption or tissue trauma that their use might cause the patient. Terms relating to this issue are 'atraumatic' and minimally invasive. Minimally invasive systems are an important recent development in surgery.

Surgical instrument

                                             
A surgical instrument is a specially designed tool or device for performing specific actions of carrying out desired effects during a surgery or operation, such as modifying biological tissue, or to provide access for viewing it. Over time, many different kinds of surgical instruments and tools have been invented.

Some surgical instruments are designed for general use in surgery, while others are designed for a specific procedure or surgery.

Accordingly, the nomenclature of surgical instruments follows certain patterns, such as a description of the action it performs (for example, scalpel, hemostat), the name of its inventor(s) (for example, the Kocher forceps), or a compound scientific name related to the kind of surgery (for example, a tracheotome is a tool used to perform a tracheotomy).

The expression surgical instrumentation is somewhat interchangeably used with surgical instruments, but its meaning in medical jargon is really the activity of providing assistance to a surgeon with the proper handling of surgical instruments during an operation, by a specialized professional, usually a surgical technologist or sometimes a nurse or radiologic technologist.

Notable medical equipment companies

• Abbott Laboratories
• Cameron Health
• Cardinal Health, Columbus, Ohio
• Boston Scientific
• Beckman Coulter
• Dräger
• GE Healthcare
• Getinge Group
• Heine Optotechnik
• Johnson & Johnson
• MAQUET
• Medtronic
• Mindray
• Philips
• St. Jude Medical
• Siemens AG

Functions of Medical equipment

Medical equipment is designed to aid in the diagnosis, monitoring or treatment of medical conditions. These devices are usually designed with rigorous safety standards. Medical equipment is included in the category Medical technology.

There are several basic types:


Diagnostic equipment includes medical imaging machines, used to aid in diagnosis. Examples are ultrasound and MRI machines, PET and CT scanners, and x-ray machines.

Therapeutic equipment includes infusion pumps, medical lasers and LASIK surgical machines.
Life support equipment is used to maintain a patient's bodily function. This includes medical ventilators, anaesthetic machines, heart-lung machines, ECMO, and dialysis machines.

Medical monitors allow medical staff to measure a patient's medical state. Monitors may measure patient vital signs and other parameters including ECG, EEG, blood pressure, and dissolved gases in the blood.
Medical laboratory equipment automates or helps analyze blood, urine and genes.

Diagnostic Medical Equipment may also be used in the home for certain purposes, e.g. for the control of diabetes mellitus A biomedical equipment technician (BMET) is a vital component of the healthcare delivery system. Employed primarily by hospitals, BMETs are the people responsible for maintaining a facility's medical equipment.

About us

A hospital, in the modern sense, is an institution for health care providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment, and often, but not always providing for inpatient care or longer-term patient stays. Its historical meaning, until relatively recent times, was "a place of hospitality", for example the Chelsea Royal Hospital, established in 1681 to house veteran soldiers.

Today, hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by health organizations (for profit or nonprofit), health insurance companies or charities, including by direct charitable donations. Historically, however, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders.

Conversely, modern-day hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, and nurses, whereas in history, this work was usually performed by the founding religious orders or by volunteers. Today, there are various Catholic religious orders, such as the Alexians and the Bon Secours Sisters which still focus on hospital ministry.

There are over 17,000 hospitals in the world

Types of home medical equipment

• Air ioniser
• Air purifier
• Artificial limb
• Breast protheses
• Cannula
• Commodes
• CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
• Crutch
• Diabetic shoes
• Dynamic splint
• Enteral nutrition
• Elevating toilet seat
• Infusion pump
• Nasal cannula
• Nebulizer
• Orthosis
• Oxygen concentrator
• Patient lift
• Positive airway pressure (CPAP)
• Prosthesis
• Respiratory Assist devices
• Seat lift
• Walkers
• VacuPractor
• Wheelchair

Durable medical equipment

Durable medical equipment is a term of art used to describe any medical equipment used in the home to aid in a better quality of living. It is a benefit included in most insurances. In some cases certain Medicare benefits, that is, whether Medicare may pay for the item. The item is defined by Title XIX for Medicaid:

(n) The term “durable medical equipment” includes iron lungs, oxygen tents, Nebulizers, CPAP, catheters, hospital beds, and wheelchairs (which may include a power-operated vehicle that may be appropriately used as a wheelchair, but only where the use of such a vehicle is determined to be necessary on the basis of the individual's medical and physical condition and the vehicle meets such safety requirements as the Secretary may prescribe) used in the patient's home (including an institution used as his home other than an institution that meets the requirements of subsection (e)(1) of this section or section 1819(a)(1)), whether furnished on a rental basis or purchased, and includes blood-testing strips and blood glucose monitors for individuals with diabetes without regard to whether the individual has Type I or Type II diabetes or to the individual's use of insulin (as determined under standards established by the Secretary in consultation with the appropriate organizations);

except that such term does not include such equipment furnished by a supplier who has used, for the demonstration and use of specific equipment, an individual who has not met such minimum training standards as the Secretary may establish with respect to the demonstration and use of such specific equipment. With respect to a seat-lift chair, such term includes only the seat-lift mechanism and does not include the chair.[1]

Use of hospital equipment

The devices, tools, medical consumables and equipment used in the hospital and health care settings are called hospital medical equipment.

Function is the main basis for the classification of medical equipment. Diagnostic equipment includes the ultrasound machine, X-ray and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machine and Computed Tomography (CT) machine.

Therapeutic equipment includes medical lasers, infusion pumps and radiation therapy machines. Critically ill patients need therapeutic medical equipment like the medical ventilators, heart-lung machines and dialysis machines.

About us

A hospital, in the modern sense, is an institution for health care providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment, and often, but not always providing for inpatient care or longer-term patient stays. Its historical meaning, until relatively recent times, was "a place of hospitality", for example the Chelsea Royal Hospital, established in 1681 to house veteran soldiers.

Today, hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by health organizations (for profit or nonprofit), health insurance companies or charities, including by direct charitable donations. Historically, however, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders.

Conversely, modern-day hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, and nurses, whereas in history, this work was usually performed by the founding religious orders or by volunteers. Today, there are various Catholic religious orders, such as the Alexians and the Bon Secours Sisters which still focus on hospital ministry.

There are over 17,000 hospitals in the world

Obtaining and using home medical equipment

For most home medical equipment to be reimbursed by insurance, a patient must have a doctor's prescription for the equipment needed. Some equipment, such as oxygen, is FDA regulated and must be prescribed by a physician before purchase whether insurance reimbursed or otherwise.

The physician may recommend a supplier for the home medical equipment, or the patient will have to research this on their own. HME / DMEPOS suppliers are located throughout the country.

There is no established typical size for HME / DMEPOS suppliers. Supply companies include very large organizations such as WalGreens, Lincare, and Apria to smaller local companies operated by sole proprietors or families.
A new evolution in the home medical equipment arena is the advent of internet retailers who are operating with extremely low margins and cutting the ultimate cost for end consumers, but often without the in-home setup and training.[citation needed] In all cases, however, strict rules and laws govern HME / DMEPOS suppliers that participate Medicare and Medicaid program.

 In addition to rules outlined the National Supplier Clearinghouse, of division of CMS (centers for Medicare and Medicaid), all Medicare DME suppliers must obtain and maintain accreditation by one of many approved accrediting bodies.

Once a patient or caregiver selects an appropriate HME / DMEPOS supplier, he/she presents the supplier with the prescription and patient's insurance information.

HME / DMEPOS suppliers maintain an inventory of products and equipment, so fulfillment of the prescription is rapid, much like a Pharmacy.

The HME / DMEPOS supplier is obligated to perform certain functions when providing home medical equipment.
These include:

• Proper delivery and setup of the equipment
• Ensuring the home environment is suitable and safe for proper usage of the equipment
• Training the patient, family and caregivers on the proper usage and maintenance of the equipment
• Informing the patient and/or caregiver of their rights and responsibilities
• Providing periodic maintenance services (e.g., refilling oxygen, servicing equipment, etc.)
• All HME / DMEPOS suppliers are required to comply with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) to protect patients' confidentiality and records.

Insurance

Home medical equipment is typically covered by patient's healthcare insurance, including Medicare (Part B). In order to properly code home medical equipment for billing, the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System HCPCS is utilized. As of 2007, under the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement,

and Modernization Act of 2003, providers of HME/DMEPOS will be required to become third-party accredited to standards regulated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in order to continue eligibility under Medicare Part B. This effort aims to standardize and improve the quality of service to patients provided by home medical equipment suppliers.

Biomedical equipment technology training

Traditionally, biomedical equipment technology has been an interdisciplinary field to specialize in after completing an Associate degree in Biomedical Equipment Technology, Biomedical Electronics Technology, or Biomedical Engineering Technology. Some BMETs get their training through the military.

Most entry-level BMETs enter into the field with a 2-year associate's degree in biomedical equipment technology, or they spend about one year in full-time military training.

A 4-year graduate is an applied engineer who can perform the same medical equipment management duties as a clinical engineer, BMET Manager, or Director/Executive. Practical experience is gained through internships. Continuing education in the form of service schools is typically provided by specific medical device manufacturers.

BMET educational degree programs can be accredited by the ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology) or the ATMAE (Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering) both of whom offer specialised/programmatic accreditation for BMET programs.

Medical / Hospital Equipment

                                     

For a modern hospital, it is essential to have quality equipment, ready to meet the needs of patients. In recent decades, we have been contemplated with fantastic breakthrough in medicine, which always shows us new discoveries, both in the pharmaceutical field and in the surgery field.

This entire process happens thanks to the advancement of technology and science, which applied to medicine, enable a number of new treatments and operations, which show how real victories of humanity before on diseases considered incurable.

 A good hospital can not ignore the updates in that area, because the health of many people depend on modern equipment.

Use of hospital equipment

The devices, tools, medical consumables and equipment used in the hospital and health care settings are called hospital medical equipment.

Function is the main basis for the classification of medical equipment. Diagnostic equipment includes the ultrasound machine, X-ray and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machine and Computed Tomography (CT) machine.

Therapeutic equipment includes medical lasers, infusion pumps and radiation therapy machines. Critically ill patients need therapeutic medical equipment like the medical ventilators, heart-lung machines and dialysis machines.

How to Use Hospital Equipment

Instructions

1
Wash your hands with soap and water following the aseptic technique.

2
Read the instructions stated on the manual before touching the machine.

3
Check all the wires and cords. Ensure that they are properly connected to the machine.

4
Plug the machine into the electrical outlet.

5
Locate the power button and turn it on.

6
Input the necessary data required by the machine, such as the patient's demographic data. For example, an EKG machine request the patient's data once turned on. To successfully enter the data, press the button indicated on the manual. If a toggle knob is present, as is the case with the MAC 8 EKG Machine, use it to go backward and forward between fields. Ensure that you fill out all the necessary fields such as the physician who ordered the test and the purpose of the test as well as all the other fields.

7
Clean the site or location of the patient's body where machine will be attached with cotton balls and a cleansing agent as indicated.

8
Attach the machine to the patient.

9
Perform the test while monitoring the status of the patient at the same time. Note for the expected reactions as well as the untoward reactions during the course of the procedure.

10
Push the indicated button to record and print out a copy of the examination once the test is done.

11
Unhook the patient from the machine.

12
Clean the parts of the machine that came in contact with the patient as indicated.

13
Wash hands and towel dry.

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International Medical Equipment Collaborative (IMEC)

International Medical Equipment Collaborative (IMEC) is a 501(c)(3)  non profit organization that provides medical equipment to doctors and nurses working hospitals and clinics in impoverished areas worldwide.

IMEC is in North Andover, Massachusetts, where volunteers sort, repair, package and ship donated medical supplies and equipment to international medical personnel. Through partnerships with various humanitarian organizations IMEC has been delivering medical supplies for 14 years.

IMEC is known for providing medical supplies that doctors request for their patients.

History
Founded in 1995, IMEC started in the garage of now IMEC's President, Thomas Keefe. A former hospital administrator, Tom Keefe collected surplus medical equipment caused by hospitals closing, downsizing and eliminating entire services.

With the help of humanitarian organizations, this acquired surplus was channeled to developing countries worldwide. Sustained mostly by volunteers, IMEC has grown extensively over the years refurbishing medical equipment and shipping worldwide.

"Between October 1996 and October 1997, IMEC brought about $1.6 million worth of equipment into its 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m2) warehouse, which used to be a giant machine shop. It also relied on 10,000 hours of volunteer time from individuals and organizations such as churches and service groups."

In 2004, IMEC introduced the Center of Health Initiative where IMEC would work with shepherding organizations to identify an empty hospital and retrofit it with basic health care services. By using surplus equipment from hospitals and clinics in the United States, IMEC is able to keep costs low while still providing the equipment needed. IMEC collaborates with the shepherding organization to ensure customs papers for a country are properly comple